The constitutional design and drafting processes in India and South Africa reflect unique socio-political trajectories shaped by colonial legacies, liberation struggles, and democratic aspirations. This comparative study investigates these processes to explore how each nation’s constitution evolved as a foundational legal instrument fostering democracy, equality, and social justice. India’s Constitution, adopted in 1950, is the […]

The Consumer protection act of 2019 played one of the most important roles; it introduced some of the important concepts like product liability. Due to the rapid expansion of technology and, along with globalization, the role of markets and e-commerce has increased rapidly. As we all know, consumers have various needs and demands before buying […]

This short note examines the psychology of conflict and emphasizes the role that mental processes play in settling conflicts. Research on how ingrained fears, problems, and cognitive distortions impact the intensification of conflict looks at cognitive biases, emotional intelligence, and negotiation techniques. The short note highlights how crucial it is to comprehend such mental triggers […]

The marital rape exception (“MRE”) enshrined as Exception 2 to Section 63 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 is a colonial vestige that deprives married women of comprehensive legal protection from non-consensual sexual activities perpetrated by their husbands. This article contends that the MRE is constitutionally flawed under Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21 of […]

Cybercrime has evolved rapidly with significant rise in AI-driven exploitation and sophisticated social engineering. These crimes are causing reputational damage, financial loss, or psychological trauma to the victims. . This often target vulnerable groups of the society such as women and children who fall into this trap as a victim such as deepfakes, cyberstalking, sextortion, […]