Analytical Study of Modern Forms of Cyber Crimes in India and Abroad: Emerging Threats and Legal Challenges
The rapid expansion of the internet and digital platforms has led to the rise of sophisticated cybercrimes that go beyond traditional online frauds. This paper explores modern cyber threats, including advanced phishing attacks, ransomware as a service (RaaS), cyberterrorism, cryptojacking, deepfakes, and AI-driven attacks. These crimes leverage emerging technologies, targeting victims with precision and causing […]
Broadcasting Regulation in India: A Critical Analysis of the Bill and Its Implications for Press Freedom and Digital Media
India’s Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill, introduced in 2023 and revised in 2024, represents the most ambitious legislative overhaul of broadcast regulation since the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act of 1995. Ostensibly designed to consolidate a fragmented regulatory architecture and adapt the law to the realities of digital media, the Bill has provoked significant controversy among […]
Explainability as a Constitutional Requirement: Can “Black Box AI” ever be Judicially Legitimate?
Artificial Intelligence is no longer a speculative presence in judicial systems. Artificial Intelligence is used for case management software to algorithmic risk assessments used for bail and sentencing decisions across jurisdictions. Courts are increasingly engaging and investing in automated tools that promise efficiency, consistency, and speed. Yet many of these systems still operate as “black […]
A Critical Study of Digital Arrest Scams and the Erosion of Online Trust: A Socio-Legal Analysis of Cybercrime Regulation in the AI Era
The rapid expansion of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and online communication platforms has significantly transformed the nature of cybercrime, giving rise to a new form of technology-enabled fraud popularly known as “digital arrest scams.” These scams involve cybercriminals impersonating law enforcement agencies, judicial authorities, telecom regulators, or financial institutions through video calls, AI-generated voices, forged […]
Procedure to File a Consumer Complaint under the Consumer Protection Act 2019
This paper examines the procedure for filing a complaint under the Consumer Protection Act 2019, which was enacted to strengthen consumer rights and provide an accessible remedy against unfair trade practices, defective goods, and deficient services. The Act establishes a simplified and time-bound redressal system through Consumer Commissions at the District, State, and National levels. […]
Beyond Interception: Pegasus, Privacy and the Indian Constitution
This paper argues that Pegasus-type zero-click, full-device spyware cannot be justified under India’s present interception framework and fails constitutional proportionality. We first distinguish endpoint device takeover from interception “in transit,” then map spyware capabilities (live mic/camera, keystrokes, file access) against Section 5(2), Indian Telegraph Act, 1885; Section 69 and Section 69B, Information Technology Act, 2000; […]
A Comparative Study on Constitutional Design and Drafting Processes in India and South Africa in the Context of Democratic Evolution
The constitutional design and drafting processes in India and South Africa reflect unique socio-political trajectories shaped by colonial legacies, liberation struggles, and democratic aspirations. This comparative study investigates these processes to explore how each nation’s constitution evolved as a foundational legal instrument fostering democracy, equality, and social justice. India’s Constitution, adopted in 1950, is the […]
Concept of Product Liability under Consumer Protection Act 2019
The Consumer protection act of 2019 played one of the most important roles; it introduced some of the important concepts like product liability. Due to the rapid expansion of technology and, along with globalization, the role of markets and e-commerce has increased rapidly. As we all know, consumers have various needs and demands before buying […]
Analyzing Mind Games: Examining the Psychology of Conflict
This short note examines the psychology of conflict and emphasizes the role that mental processes play in settling conflicts. Research on how ingrained fears, problems, and cognitive distortions impact the intensification of conflict looks at cognitive biases, emotional intelligence, and negotiation techniques. The short note highlights how crucial it is to comprehend such mental triggers […]
A Nine‑Word Constitutional Crisis: Re‑Examining the Marital Rape Exception Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
The marital rape exception (“MRE”) enshrined as Exception 2 to Section 63 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 is a colonial vestige that deprives married women of comprehensive legal protection from non-consensual sexual activities perpetrated by their husbands. This article contends that the MRE is constitutionally flawed under Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21 of […]